2. Product and methods
Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p < 0.001)>
Particularly, this new WBQ will bring: (A) analysis to your profile of one’s new member; (B) recording regarding usage towards the time of the early in the day few days out of solid and you will fluid food, h2o or beverages out of a semi-quantitative restaurants regularity questionnaire (FFQ) out of 58 products confirmed to possess quoting times consumption as well as the most glucose and you may honey that’s added to products; and (C) estimate off exercise using their new In the world Physical activity Survey (IPAQ) , and this information time of physical exercise in the about three activity levels (serious, reasonable, lightweight exercise) otherwise sedentary standards. The brand new IPAQ could have been confirmed in earlier times because the a combination-national device getting tape physical activity [20,21,22] in order to estimate times costs.
The energy and you may drinking water articles out-of submitted snacks and you may products is reviewed making use of the Diet plan Analysis In addition to (Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., Belmont, Ca, USA), and this spends composition research from the USDA National Nutrient Databases and you may chosen Greek edibles (we.age., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek yogurt, lentiles kidney beans soup, multiple Greek pies, souvlaki, stuffed tomatoes) . According to overall energy consumption and effort costs, opportunity balance are analyzed as well.
Within this studies, “drinks” means fresh fruit liquid or packed liquid 100% in place of glucose blogs, sugar-sugary beverages (SSDs) (fruits nectar which have glucose, carbonated drinks having sugar and effort/isotonic beverages), low-calorie sodas, teas and you can herbal infusions, dairy (all types of milk products, chocolate whole milk and you may cocoa drink), milkshake and sherbets, coffee-and java products, and you https://brightwomen.net/no/estonske-kvinner/ can alcoholic beverages (beer, drink and all of style of liquor). “Drink energy consumption (DEI)” refers to opportunity consumption out-of beverages “full energy intake (TEI)” so you can times intake of all provide and you may “energy consumption out-of items” to times consumption out-of strong and you may fluid items (elizabeth.g., soups). The newest share of drinks groups so you can full time consumption (investigation out of Malisova mais aussi al. 2013), showed as overall drinking habits (TWI), we.age., liquids out of products, drinking water, strong and you will fluid dinners so that as drink drinking habits (DWI), i.age., drinking water away from drinks and water.
step three. Statistical Study
Results are showed due to the fact mean ± sd with the generally speaking delivered parameters and average (P25–P75) to the skewed of those. Normality are checked with the chances–probability patch (P–P spot) and histograms. Differences when considering anyone regarding the overall opportunity consumption, opportunity from products, energy away from dishes, opportunity expenditure, energy harmony, intake of water, h2o out of h2o and you may beverages, drinking water regarding products, drinking water out of drinking water, water out-of foods, liquids losses and you can liquid equilibrium was basically examined toward independent sample t-shot on the usually distributed details plus the Mann-Whittney U-sample for the skewed of those. Similarly, differences between brand new five quartiles of your time from beverages have been assessed towards you to-way ANOVA F-take to towards typically distributed parameters additionally the Kruskal-Wallis H Attempt into the skewed of them. Relevance height was set from the 5%. Correlations between your sum from drinks in order to drinking habits from inside the relation so you’re able to times inside cold weather and you may june were checked-out of the Pearson’s otherwise Spearman’s correlation coefficients to possess usually delivered otherwise skewed variables. All the mathematical analyses did using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc, il, IL, USA).